Created on January 22, 1800 and named in honor of President John Adams. Gettysburg, the county seat was incorporated as a borough on March 10, 1806. It was named for James Gettys a local landowner.

     Settled by migrants from both Maryland and eastern Pennsylvania, Adams has always had a strong German ethnic strain and a farm-based economy. Although it once led the state in wheat production, general farming eventually prevailed, and apples are now its most famous product. Even though John Studebaker’s wagon works gave his name to a major Detroit car manufacturer, the county has never been industrialized until recent decades. As a result, the population has grown slowly—until the last decade. Farms cover 56 percent of the land, and Adams has long led the state in fruit production; currently it produces over 40 percent of Pennsylvania’s harvest. It is also strong in wheat, barley, soybeans, and hay. Food processing businesses are very successful and this, with a strong publishing industry, wood products, and farmers’ supplies, accounts for Adams’s remarkable 59 percent increase in the value it has added to the nation’s economy by manufacturing over the five years from 1987 to 1992.

     The Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3, 1863, an irreparable loss for the Confederacy, spawned a large tourism industry. Gettysburg College, at first named Pennsylvania College, was founded in 1832. President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s farm near Gettysburg was his private residence during and after his presidency.